So, folks seemed to like the piece I did awhile back on stuff that lots of people believe is true, but is actually…um, not. So, here are some more untrue “facts”.
The Island of Manhattan was not purchased from Native Americans for $24 dollars’ worth of beads. In fact, there’s no historical record of exactly what was exchanged for the island, but its value was 60 guilders, which is about a thousand dollars. Staten Island was purchased for the same amount. Oh, and the Native Americans weren’t likely “selling” the islands, but probably “renting” them, as they didn’t believe things like land could actually be owned. No matter how many beads you might be offering in exchange.
Julius Caesar was not born by Caesarian section. Caesar was a natural birth. The term “Caesarian section” does not originate from Caesar’s birth, but rather from the Lex Caesarea, or “law of Caesar”, which stated that a child was to be cut from the womb if the mother died in childbirth.
Isaac Newton’s theory of gravity was not sparked by an apple landing on Sir Isaac’s head. But. There was an apple involved. Newton himself related the actual story to his biographer. He’d been sitting in his family’s garden when he’d seen an apple fall from a tree and hit the ground. This got the scientist thinking and the theory of gravity resulted.
Speaking of inventors, Benjamin Franklin never suggested that the national symbol of the United States be the turkey. The story comes from a misinterpretation of a joke contained in a letter to his daughter Sarah. In said letter, Franklin complained about the bald eagle being considered as the new nation’s national symbol and said that the proposed drawing of said national symbol looked more like a turkey. Franklin went on to joke that the turkey might be a better choice. And, thus, the myth was born.
No, William Howard Taft, the 27th President of the United States, did not become stuck in the White House bathtub. Taft was, no doubt, a heavyset man, topping 350 pounds, but, when he became president, he actually special ordered a bathtub large enough to sit four grown men, so, even the president, at his heaviest, had plenty of room in said tub. The bathtub myth resulted from another incident, which occurred after Taft left office. The former president was visiting New Jersey and apparently caused a tub in his hotel room to overflow and the water leaked into the first floor dining room.
Walt Disney’s body was not cryogenically frozen after his death in 1966 so that he could be brought back to life once technology allowed it. In fact, no one had ever been cryogenically frozen at the time of Disney’s death. The first person to be frozen after death was one James Bedford and that procedure took place in 1967. Disney’s body was cremated and his ashes scattered. As for Bedford, his remains are still frozen…and waiting.
The Puritans did not board the Mayflower and head to the New World seeking religious freedom. Seriously. See, in 1593, the Protestant separatists left England for Holland so that they could practice their religion freely. Because, Holland allowed religious freedom. So, why did the Puritans get on a ship and sail across the Atlantic? Because Holland allowed religious freedom. Not just for folks like the Puritans, but for Catholics, Jews, and atheists, too. And, the Puritans couldn’t have that. So. It was off to the New World, where they could make sure that religious freedom only applied to their religion.
During the Cold War, there was never a “red phone” connecting the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union. First, some history. The impetus for a more direct line of communication between the two countries was the Cuban Missile Crisis. As possible nuclear war loomed, each message from one was taking about six hours to be received and decoded by the other. And, those delays weren’t helping an already very dangerous situation. After the crisis, the two sides decided a more direct method of communication was needed. But. There was no red phone, despite its prominence in movies like “Fail Safe”. The technology that existed at the time made a direct phone link impossible. Instead, the “red phone” was really nothing more than a teletype. As technology advanced, the connection improved, but, again, there was never a red phone. And, there still isn’t.
Now to some dictators. Hitler did not create the Autobahn. In fact, he had absolutely nothing to do with it, as the Autobahn was already in existence in 1931 and Hitler didn’t take power until 1933. And, his buddy Mussolini did not, as is often stated, make the trains run on time. Fascist propaganda made many claims about all the great things Il Duce accomplished, this among them, but the fact is, Italian trains didn’t run any closer to schedule during Mussolini’s time than they had before or did afterward.
Many Colonial era homes in the South had unattached kitchens, and the myth is that the reason for this was the fear of house fires. However, homes built in the North during that same time had attached kitchens. Were Northerners not afraid of fires? The real reason for the unattached kitchens in the South has to do with the difference in climate of the two regions. Kitchens generate a lot of heat, and, in the days before air conditioning, heat was a problem much of the year in the South, so separating the kitchen from the living quarters was a way of not adding even more heat to an already hot home. Meanwhile, in the North, where it gets chilly for much of the year, the added heat generated in the kitchen was welcome in the house.
Speaking of the Colonial era, most men of the time did not wear the famed powdered wig. Only the wealthy and powerful did. Why? Because such wigs were not exactly the kind of thing you wanted to be wearing if you were doing the typical physical work of the time, farming for example. And, they were also very expensive, so only people of means could afford them.
Spices were not used to mask the taste/smell of rotting food in the Medieval Era. This myth likely results from twin facts, food spoiled much faster in those days due to lack of refrigeration and spices were much prized in Medieval Europe. However. Spices were very, very expensive during that time, far too expensive to be wasted on spoiled food…and, using them might have made said food more palatable, but it wouldn’t have protected people eating that food from getting sick as a result of doing so.
You know all those people who leaped to their deaths from the windows of skyscrapers on Black Tuesday, the day of the Wall Street crash of 1929? Yeah. They didn’t. The crash may have begun the Great Depression, but it did not set off a wave of suicides, and, in fact, exactly two people leaped out of windows to their deaths after the crash…and one may not have been doing so due to the stock market.
OK, now to the Old West, and I’ll demolish some cherished myths. Cowboys didn’t wear cowboy hats. Seriously. Few in the era wore the hats that became associated with the cowpokes of the era thanks to the movies. Instead, the most popular headwear of the time was the bowler or derby. Again, seriously.
But, whatever they had on their heads, those guys in the Old West did a lot of gun fighting, right? No. They did not. Gun fights were very rare. Few men actually wore the kinds of holsters associated with the movie and TV gun fights and exchanges of fire were few and far between. In fact, the classic “quick draw” gun fight was almost non-existent, with only two cases having been documented in the entire “Old West” era. And, not a single person in the history of the Old West was called a “gunslinger”. That term comes from a movie. Folks handy with a pistol were actually called “shootists”. (So, yeah, John Wayne got that one right.)
But, how about bank robberies and other violence? There were lots of robberies and violence, right? No. Gun-related killings in frontier towns averaged fewer than 2 per year (and, the most famous Old West firefight, the gunfight at the OK Corral, claimed only three lives). Oh, and in the entire era, there were exactly 12 bank robberies. Twelve. In 41 years.
Those 300 Spartan soldiers who held off the Persian army at Thermoplyae? Um. Not so much. Now, here’s the true part. There were 300 Spartan soldiers and they held off a much larger (perhaps as large as 100,000 men) army for three days. But. Those Spartans were just part of a much larger army. In fact, the army opposing the Persians numbered about five thousand not 300.
Catherine the Great did not die on the toilet (so, no, it did not collapse under her great weight), nor was she crushed to death while attempting to have intercourse with a horse. These stories were spread by the queen’s many enemies after her demise, which, by the by, was much more prosaic. She died alone in her room of a cerebral hemorrhage.
During World War II, Japan was not deterred from invading the continental United States by private firearm ownership. This myth comes from a quote erroneously attributed to Admiral Yamamoto, one there’s zero evidence he ever uttered. The real reasons Japan didn’t invade are much simpler, the country didn’t need to do so to accomplish its war aims, and, even if it had wanted to, it didn’t have the needed resources.